Fork lift

Introduction

l Also known as lift truck, a stacker-truck, trailer loader, side loader, fork truck.

l The Pennsylvania Railroad in 1906 introduced battery powered platform trucks.

l A tool capable of lifting thousands of pounds

l It has two metal forks on the front used to lift cargo.

Toyota Forklift 

Main components

l Truck Frame - Is the base of the machine to which the mast, axles, wheels, counterweight, overhead guard and power source are attached. 

l  Counterweight - is a mass attached to the rear of the forklift truck frame. The purpose of the counterweight is to counterbalance the load being lifted.

l Cab - is the area that contains a seat for the operator along with the control pedals, steering wheel, levers, switches and a dashboard containing operator readouts.

l Overhead Guard - is a metal roof supported by posts at each corner of the cab that helps protect the operator from any falling objects.

l Power Source - may consist of an internal combustion engine that can be powered by LPG, CNG gas, gasoline or diesel fuel.

l Tilt Cylinders - are hydraulic cylinders that are mounted to the truck frame and the mast. The tilt cylinders pivot the mast to assist in engaging a load.

l Mast - is the vertical assembly that does the work of raising and lowering the load.

l Carriage - is the component to which the forks or other attachments mount. 

l Load Back Rest - is a rack-like extension that is either bolted or welded to the carriage in order to prevent the load from shifting backward when the carriage is lifted to full height.

l Attachments - may consist of forks or tines that are the L-shaped members that engage the load. Some attachments include sides hifters, slip sheet attachments.

Types

l Standard Trucks

l Reach Trucks

l Order Selecto

l Motorized Pallet Trucks

l Swing Mast Trucks

l Turret Trucks

l Internal Combustion Forklifts

l Electric Forklifts

Tasks

l To carry heavy materials on to the elevated platform.

l The load rest on forks maneuvered securely under the ground.

l Carry heavy materials from one place to the other.

l Does not occupy more space unlike the trucks and lorries.

Capacities

l Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities.

l Up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads.

l The engine horsepower and bucket capacity depends from company to company.

Faults

l Gearbox faults

l Sensor power supply voltage has a malfunction.

l Connectors coming loose ,wires breaking inside the sheathing.

l Problems due to heat exposure or long run.

Fork lifter Safety

l Pinch Points

l Watch where you place your hands and feet. Be aware of and stay clear of pinch points. 

l Stay in Your Truck  

l  Stay under the overhead guard. It is designed to protect you while you operate the truck.

l You are Responsible for Others
  

l Operating your lift truck safely means you are not only responsible for your safety, but also for the safety of the people around you. Always look out for others before moving your lift truck.

precaution

introduction to site( civil engineering mini student project)

Introduction To Site

                 Casualty Block KTH

Client: C&W KPK

Consultant: M/S Shaz Consultants

Completion Time: 36 Months (3 years)

It is constructed by Frame Structure Method

It has 9 stories

Total Covered Area : 229,282 sqft

Building consists of surgical wards, medical wards, cardiology wards and ICU

Cost estimate : Rs 332 million

Ground Floor Plan Details

The NSL of Floor level is 14ft

Bricks masonry is used in walls with different types of bonds

The width of external boundary walls is 13-1/2in  having Single Flemish Bond

Width of walls of rooms are 9in having English Bond

9″ Wall

Width of washroom & partition walls is 4-1/2in having Stretcher Bond

Wards : 43′-2″*17′-3″

Waiting Room : 16′*12′

X-Ray Room : 29′*20′

Mortar used in walls is of ratio = 1:2:4

The Mortar used has strength of 3000psi

60-grade steel is used in beams and columns having 60000psi strength

#08 Bars are used in columns

English Bond

9″ Wall

Stair Reinforcement( civil engineering mini student project)

Detail

A  staircase or  simply stairs is a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps.

It make easier for the inhabitants of the building to move with ease through different stories of the building.

 A staircase isn't just a link between two floors  it's a major architectural feature that turns an ordinary entryway into an elegant grand entrance.

We Generally Use two Terms While Talking about the Dimensions of Stairs

Riser

Tread

Tread 

        The part of the stairway that is stepped on.

Riser 

      The vertical portion between each tread on the stair.

site detail are 

Casuality Block

Work is Under C&W KPK

Consultant : M/S Shaz Consultant

Completion Time = 36 months

Sponser Agency : Health          Department KPK

Here are Some Snaps Which I took during my Visit to the construction sight

Specifications of these stairs

Riser = 6.75”

Tread = 12”

Width = 5’

Steel Used

Grade 60 Steel was Used

 #4 steel  was used  in                                                             Distribution bars

#5 steel was used in main Bars

Effect of Channel impairments on a signal

hi friend my this article is all about Matlab ,which was originally a task given by our teacher in data communication lab and we perform as a team member in class room , at university of engineering a technology, i am sharing with you this task , and will share all other task as soon as we perform it.

Objectives:

How to generate a simple signal in Matlab

Effect of thermal noise on the generate signal

Effect of delay distortion on a signal

Effect of attenuation on a signal

Apparatus:

        Matlab (preferably any version)

Procedure:

       To implement the given objectives on Matlab, by simply type the specific codes in the command window of the Matlab as directed and plot them. Following are the codes and Simulation obtained via Matlab.

To generate a simple signal in a Matlab

Code:

For Cos

clc

clear

t=0:pi/12:6*pi;

x=cos(t);

Simulation:

For Sine
Code:

t=0:pi/12:6*pi;

x=sin(t);

plot(t,x)

Simulation:

For Square

Code:

t=0:.0001:.0625;

x=square(2*pi*30*t);

plot(t,x)

Simulation:

Effect of thermal noise on the generated signal
Code:

              t = 0:.1:10;

              x = sawtooth(t);

              y = awgn(x,10,'measured');

              plot(t,x,t,y);

              legend('Original signal','Signal with AWGN');

              Simulation:

      For square

      Code:

        t=0:.0001:.0625;

        x=square(2*pi*30*t);

        y=awgn(x,10);

        xlabel('time(sec)');

        ylabel('amplitude(a)');

        Legend ('original signal');

        Plot(t,y)

       Simulation:

   

Effect of delay distortion on a signal

Code:
For sine

t=0:0.01:1;

f1=1;

f2=2;

x1=sin(2*pi*f*t);

x2=sin((2*pi*f*t)+40);

x3=x1+x2;

plot(t,x3,t,x1,t,x2);

Simulation:

     

For Cos
Code:

t=0:0.01:1;

f1=1;

f2=2;

x1=cos(2*pi*f*t);

x2=cos((2*pi*f*t)+40);

x3=x1+x2;

plot(t,x3,t,x1,t,x2)

Simulation:
 

Effect of attenuation on a signal

Code:

t=0:pi/12:6*pi;

x1=sin(t);

E1=cos(x1.*conj(x1));

pin=E1/length(t);

x2=0.3*cos(t);

E2=cos(x2.*conj(x2));

plot=E2/length(t);

L=plot/pin;

             For square:
               Code:

              t=0:pi/12:6*pi;

              x1=square(t);

              E1=square(x1.*conj(x1));

              pin=E1/length(t);

              x2=0.3*square(t); 

              E2=square(x2.*conj(x2));

              plot=E2/length(t);

              L=plot/pin;

               

Simulation of Line coding schemes in Matlab

hi friend my this article is all about Matlab ,which was originally a task given by our teacher in data communication lab and we perform as a team member in class room , at university of engineering a technology, i am sharing with you this task , and will share all other task as soon as we perform it.

Objectives 

To generate unipolar Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal.

To generate unipolar signal with two different polarities 0v and 1v.

To generate Bipolar Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) signal.

To plot pseudoternary signal.

Software:

Matlab (any suitable version)

Introduction:

Line Coding:

Binary data can be transmitted using a number of different types of pulses. The choice of a particular pair of pulses to represent the symbols 1 and 0 is called Line Coding.

Types of Line Coding:

Unipolar Signal:

            Unipolar signal (also called on-off keying, OOK) is the type of line coding in which one binary symbol (representing a 0 for example) is represented by the absence of a pulse (i.e. a SPACE) and the other binary symbol (denoting a 1) is represented by the presence of a pulse (i.e. a MARK).

            There are two common variations of unipolar signal: Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) and Return to Zero (RZ).

Non-return to zero (NRZ):

             In unipolar NRZ the duration of the MARK pulse (Ƭ) is equal to the duration (To) of the symbol slot shown in the figure. It Provide simplicity in implementation, also it does not require a lot of bandwidth for transmission.

          1         0          1           0        1          1          1           1             1       0

      

Return to Zero (RZ):

            In unipolar RZ the duration of the MARK pulse (Ƭ) is less than the duration (To) of the symbol slot as shown in figure. Typically RZ pulses fill only the first half of the time slot, returning to zero for the second half. It provide Presence of a spectral line at symbol rate which can be used as symbol timing clock signal.

  (To)

                     1           0         1           0        1          1          1         0       0        0

   (T)                          1     0         1     0         1       1        0     0    0         0

Polar signal:

           In polar signal a binary 1 is represented by a pulse g1 (t) and a binary 0 by the opposite (or antipodal) pulse g0 (t) = -g1 (t). Polar signal also has NRZ and RZ forms. 

    1            0          1            0            1           1            1          1          1           0

                                    1       0         1        0     1            1             1              1    0

  

                   

                    Polar NRZ and RZ have almost identical spectra to the Unipolar NRZ and RZ.

Bipolar signal:

Bipolar Signalling is also called “alternate mark inversion” (AMI) uses three          voltage levels (+V, 0, -V) to represent two binary symbols. Zeros, as in unipolar, are

Represented by the absence of a pulse and ones (or marks) are represented by

Alternating voltage levels of +V and –V. Like the Unipolar and Polar cases, Bipolar also has NRZ and RZ variations.

  1           0           1         0             1            1           1           1           1       0

                                  1        0        1      0          1        1        1       1        1      0

Pseudoternary signal:

         A pseudoternary signal which is derived from the binary digit signal without change of the line digit rate

NOTE- An alternate mark inversion signal is an example of a pseudoternary signal.

Unipolar NRZ:

Clc

Clear all;

Data=[0 1 1 0 1 0 1];

I=1:7;

J=1.99:7.99;

Time=[ ];

For (k=1:7)

Time=[time i(k) j(k)];

End

a=1;

signal=[ ];

for (t=1:7)

if (data (t)==0)

signal (a:a+1)=0;

else

signal (a:aa+1)=1;

End

a=a+2;

end

figure (1);

plot(time, signal' line width' 2);

title ('digital signal ')

xlable (''time(t) ')

ylabe ('Amplitude (A)')

axis ( [1 8 -0.5 5])

Task 01:
Write Matlab code that generates unipolar signal with following polarities.
0V for binary – 0
-1V for binary -1

NRZ –L

Data=[1 0 0 0  1 1 0 1];

I= 1; length (data);

J=1.99: length (data) + 0.99;

Time= 

% generating signal

Signal= [ ];

N= length (data);

a= 1;

for (t= 1:N);

if data (t)== 1);

signal (a:a+1)=1;

else

signal (a:a+1)=-1;

end

a= a+2;

end

plot;(time, signal 'linewidth'.2);

title('NRZ-L');

Xlable('time');

Ylable('Voltage level');

Task 02:

            Plot NRZ-I signal for the following message

            M= [0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1];

            Bipolar-AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion).

            % generating signal

            Signal= [ ];

            N= length (data);

            a= 1;

            pre-bit= 1;

           for (t= 1:N)

           if (data(t)==1 and pre-bit==1)

           signal (a; a+1) =1;

           pre-bit= -1;

           else

           signal (a:a+1)= -1;

           pre-bit= 1;

           end

           a= a+2;

           end.

          Task 03:

          Data= [0 1 1 1 0]; j = 1.99 : 11 + 0.

 time = [ ]

for (k = 1 : length(message

          Write Matlab Program to plot psuedoternary signal

  Psuedo Ternary Encoding

clcmessage = [0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1]   

data = zeros(1,2*length(message)-1          

data (1 : 2 : end) = message

i = (1 : 11)

time =time i(k), j(k)])]   

end

% Generating Signal

signal = [ ]            

n = length(data)

prebit = 1

for t = 1 : 2 : n                  

if (data(t) == 0

signal(t : t+1) = 0

else

if (data(t) == 1 &prebit == 1

signal (t : t+1) = 1

prebit = -1

data sharing between two computers or between two different machine

we can connect two computer and share data between them trough simple cable name Straight-through or  cross-over Cable as shown in the figure , i  connect my own laptop with my friend computer and copy some songs and videos through it , without any USB or some memory card etc this method is a safe method through which i can not only copy data but can also read/write data in the the other machine(laptop) .

BY read i mean i can copy only and not cut it or delete it, by write i mean i can not only copy the data in the guest computer but can also make changes in them, e-g, i can edit ,cut ,copy,delete, etc in them , that is , i can control other computer from the remote , and this is a good way for a hacker to access other computer.

sufyan and hashim laptops connection through cable 

Objectives:

Build a category 6 (cat 6) straight-through cables.

Build a category 6 (cat 6) cross-over cables.

Test both cables.

Tool Required:

Cate-6 network cable

RJ-45 connectors

Cable cutter

Crimping tool

Cable tester

Theory:

        The cables that need to be arranged for networking, two things must be keep in mind whether the systems (machine) are same or not, for such systems combination; following technique are valid to be use and implemented before going for a networking.

Straight-through Cable:

                          Straight through cable is a cable used for networking between any two systems in a condition if both the systems/machines are of the different origin i.e. networking between any computer (MDI) and a hub (MDIX). The cable is centered in between two RJ-45 connectors.  The color chart and technique for the arrangement of the cable is given below.

Cross-over Cable:

                          Cross-over cable is a cable used for networking between two systems in a condition if both the systems/machines are of the same origin i.e. networking between computers (MDI) with another computer (MDI). The cable is centered in between two RJ-45 connectors.  The color chart and technique for the arrangement of the cable is given below.

  

Construction/Procedure:

            Construction of straight-over and cross-over cable can be made through the cable cutter and crimping tool, with the help of rules given below.

First of all remove the insulation from the cable up to 2 inches at both of the end.

Align the cables according to the color chart respectively.

Level up the cable and adjust then inside the RJ-45 connector.

Use the crimping tool accordingly to tighten the cable under the jaws of the connector.

'The above color charts are aimed to assist in the construction of straight-over and cross-over cable respectively'.

Testing:

   Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field. Miss-wired and incomplete network cables could lead to physical damage of computers system equipment, in order to confirm whether the cable is functioning well or not a simple cable tester can quickly verify that information. A sample of cable tester is shown below:

 

                                 Fig: A simple cable tester.

Creating a Network:

      Creating a network between two computers can enable individuals share different files and a folder which is an easiest and a secured way of transmitting files from one system to another. In order to make a network connection between two different computers the following steps were carried out on the host as well as on the guest computer.

Plug in the cable on both the computers.

Open networking and sharing center>Change Adopter settings>right click on LAN select properties, assign IP. Address to both the computers.

Go to advanced sharing settings, Turn on first three options in HOME and PUBLIC networking.

Remove the user name, Turn off the antivirus software and its firewall.

Ping the laptop using ping IP. Address.

To share a folder in a drive, go to 'share with' option on the task bar at the top, select ' with every one', and enjoy sharing the different files and folders.

Physical Implementation:

Host computer: 

Host Name: sufyan 

IP Address: 192.168.1.101

 

Guest computer:

Guest Name: hashim

IP Addresss: 192.168.1.102

r

assign the value of IP and GATEWAY of both laptops in such away that the IP of one is the GATEWAY of another and GATEWAY of one laptop become the the IP of another.

 

 

Australia released satellite images of destroyed Malaysian Air Line objects in Indian Ocean

indian ocean 

indian ocean 

1. 
   Australia take the image of MH370 from satellite and release it , pieces of destroyed MH370 has been found in indian ocean and send four army jet to view the destroyed pieces  it is found that one pieces is 24 meter and other is 15 meter , for further detail
2. 
   
3. visithttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1ijjl9_australia-releases-satellite-images-of-malaysian-air-line-objects-in-indian-ocean_news
4.